Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.

For transport of hazardous materials， truckers need a licence， which usually requires them to pass an exam.

The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as（）or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

Since the freight payments are taken care of by the freight forwarder， the carrier doesn′t have to take any （）.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

Specific Commodity Rates means a rate applicable to carriage， of specifically designated commodity.

（） transport of goods is the principal means of transport in many countries due to the low threshold infrastructure requirements.

When the charterer uses more time than time stipulated in a voyage C/P to load his cargo， the ship-owner is entitled to（）