Project（）Management includes the processes required to ensure that theproj ect includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

In the project management context（）includes characteristics of unification,consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion,successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations.

Organizations perform work to achieve a set of objectives. Generally, work can be categorized as either projects or operations, although the two sometimes are（）

（） from one phase are usually reviewed for completeness and accuracy and approved before work starts on the next phase.

（）involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance.These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it,and can be within the same or in another application area.