Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as（）or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services.

On traffic lanes where demand is strong and plane capacity is limited， the air rates will be （）and vice versa for traffic lanes where supply exceeds demand.

Consolidation can benefit all concerned.For exporters and shippers， they get the benefit of（）than they would have normally paid to the carrier.

The Bareboat Chartering means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the Charterer for a certain period employment without any crew.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

（） means that the seller delivers the goods， clears for export， to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

When the charterer uses more time than time stipulated in a voyage C/P to load his cargo， the ship-owner is entitled to（）

The freight forwarders， on behalf of the consignee， would arrange customs clearance and pay duties， fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.