What does the OSPF command capability vrf-lite achieve？（）

When two bridges are competing for the root bridge of an IEEE 802.1D spanning tree and both have the same bridge priority configured， which parameter determines the winner？（）

You are the network administrator of a Layer 3 switched network. Users in one VLAN are complaining that access to the server VLAN is very slow from time to time. Traffic in the local VLAN works without any issue， and users in other VLANs do not have any complaint to reach the server VLAN. What is most likely the cause of this issue？（）

IEEE 802.1w is a Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol （RSTP） that can be seen as an evolution of the 802.1 standard. What are the port roles described by 802.1w？（）

For the following ports， which port is on every bridge in a Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1w network except the root bridge？（）

When a BGP router is not capable of understanding 4-byte AS numbers， it will see 4-byte AS numbers as a special， reserved， 2-byte AS number in the AS path. Which 2-byte AS number is this reserved one？（）

In which way can the IPv6 address of 2031：0000：130F：0000：0000：09C0：876A：130B be expressed most efficiently？（）

Two directly connected routers， R1 and R2， are both configured for OSPF graceful restart. R2 is able to switch packets in hardware， but R1 is not. If a network administrator logs on to R2 and performs a system reload， which will be the result？（）

What is the STP root guard feature designed to prevent？（）

Which one of the following potential issues is eliminated by using split horizon？（）