單項選擇題When a router undergoes the exchange protocol within OSPF, in what order does it pass through each state?（）

A.exstart state>exchange state>loading state>full state
B.exstart state>full state>loading state>exchange state
C.Loading state>exchange state>full state>exstart state
D.exstart state>loading state>exchange state>full state


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1.單項選擇題What is a global command?（）

A.a command that is set once and affects the entire router
B.a command that is implemented in all foreign and domestic IOS versions
C.a command that is universal in application and supports all protocols
D.a command that is available in every release of IOS, regardless of the version or deployment status
E.a command that can be entered in any configuration mode

2.單項選擇題In a switched environment, what does the IEEE 802.1Q standard describe?（）

A.the operation of VTP
B.a method of VLAN trunking
C.an approach to wireless LAN communication
D.the process for root bridge selection
E.VLAN pruning vlan

4.多項選擇題Why do large OSPF networks use a hierarchical design?（）

A.to confine network instability to single areas of the network.
B.to reduce the complexity of router configuration
C.to speed up convergence
D.to lower costs by replacing routers with distribution layer switches
E.to decrease latency by increasing bandwidth
F.to reduce routing overhead

5.單項選擇題Which parameter or parameters are used to calculate OSPF cost in cisco routers?（）

A.Bandwidth, Delay,and MTU
B.Bandwidth
C.Bandwidth and MTU
D.Bandwidth , MTU,Reliability,Delay,and Load